Bellows couplings

A bellows couplings from abp is the best choice when it comes to transmitting power backlash-free and angularly synchronized and optimally compensating for misalignment.

Bellows coupling BKXK2135

Our products

We offer you an unusually wide range of products in small sizes from 15 to 40 mm diameter and lengths between 20 and 48 mm directly ex works. Depending on the application, the bellows are made of stainless steel, bronze or nickel, the hubs are made of aluminum and various steel grades. Our bellows couplings are available with screw or clamping hubs.

The miniaturized metal bellows couplings from abp Antriebstechnik are mainly used in rotary encoders, pulse generators, resolvers, slip ring units, servo motors and electric drive components.

Balgkupplung BKBS 1222
BKBS 1222
Balgkupplung BKXS 1520
BKXS 1520/1522/1525
abp-balgkupplung-BKXSV1522
BKXSV 1522/1525
Balgkupplung BKXS 1924
BKXS 1924/1929
Balgkupplung BKXS 2029
BKXS 2029/2035
Balgkupplung BKXS 2526
BKXS 2526/2531
Balgkupplung BKBK 1222
BKBK 1222
Balgkupplung BKXK 1624
BKXK 1622/1624/1627
Balgkupplung BKXK 1627
BKXKV 1624/1627
Balgkupplung BKXK 2129
BKXK 2129/2135
Balgkupplung BKXK 2429
BKXK 2429/2435
Balgkupplung BKXK 2530
BKXK 2530/2535
Balgkupplung BKXK 3030
BKXK 3030/3035
abp-balgkupplung-BKXK_3340
BKXK 3340
Balgkupplung BKXK 4048
BKXK 4048
Balgkupplung BKXSY 2029
BKXSY 2029/2035

Bellows couplings from A to Z

A bellows couplings is a flexible shaft coupling. It consists of a metal bellows that connects a driving and a driven shaft. The bellows can be used to compensate for axial, radial and angular misalignments while maintaining high torsional rigidity.

With our 25 years of experience, we at abp Antriebstechnik have built up a great deal of know-how in the field of bellows couplings and their application requirements. Our bellows couplings are therefore ideal for applications that require precise motion transmission with simultaneous compensation capability.

The bellows couplings from abp play a central role in many industrial applications. Its flexibility and precision make it ideal for applications where accuracy and precise compensation of misalignments are essential.

On this page, we have summarized all frequently asked questions about bellows couplings for you. Not the right one for you? Contact us now – we will be happy to advise you personally!

Contact person
Isabella Rojo
Isabella Rojo
Key Account Sales International

What is a bellows coupling?

The bellows coupling (also known as a metal bellows coupling or corrugated pipe coupling) belongs to the group of precision mechanical couplings. It consists of a flexible metal bellows and connects two rotating shafts to each other.

The metal bellows ensure that movements or misalignments of the shafts are compensated without any loss of accuracy or torsional rigidity. In this way, the bellows coupling enables backlash-free torque transmission while simultaneously compensating for axial, radial and angular displacements.

You can find out exactly how the bellows coupling works here.

Thanks to its flexible design, the bellows coupling is ideal for precise applications where maximum accuracy is required. This makes it particularly suitable for applications such as servo drives, measuring systems, machine tools and robotic drives.

How does a bellows coupling work?

A bellows coupling transmits torque between two shafts via its flexible metal bellows. It connects both shafts and enables precise and even torque transmission without delays or movement distortions.

Thanks to its flexibility, the metal bellows can compensate for mechanical irregularities, such as axial, radial and angular shaft misalignments. This reduces mechanical wear and significantly increases the service life of the connected components.

An outstanding feature of bellows couplings is their high torsional rigidity. It enables precise rotary movements to be transmitted without twisting in the bellows, even at high torques. This is particularly important for dynamic applications such as fast movements or load changes.

While the metal bellow can absorb minor vibrations, its main advantage lies in the precise and backlash-free transmission of forces. This makes bellows couplings ideal for applications that require high accuracy and reliability, such as in automation technology or servo drives.

Advantages

What advantages does a bellows coupling offer?

A bellows coupling offers a number of advantages that make it ideal for applications with high precision, zero backlash and flexibility requirements.

  • High precision and zero backlash: A bellows couplings enables exact torque transmission without backlash, which makes it ideal for applications that rely on precise motion control, such as positioning systems, laser technology or robotics.
  • Compensation of misalignments: Thanks to its flexible design, the bellows couplings can compensate for axial and radial as well as angular misalignments between two shafts. This minimizes mechanical wear and protects other components, which is particularly important in dynamic applications such as automation, bearing and conveyor technology or mechanical engineering.
  • Excellent torsional rigidity: The torsionally rigid design of the bellows coupling ensures precise control even at high torques and fast movements. This makes it particularly suitable for industries such as packaging or renewable energies, where precise and fast movements are required.
  • Durability and resistance: A bellows coupling is usually made of high-quality materials such as stainless steel, which gives it a high resistance to corrosion and wear. This makes them ideal for use in demanding environments such as the food industry, where strict hygiene requirements apply.
  • High restoring forces: Materials such as stainless steel, nickel or bronze ensure lasting restoring forces and thus stable, error-free operation even under changing loads or temperature changes.
  • Versatility: A bellows coupling can be manufactured in different sizes and designs, allowing them to be used in a wide range of industries and applications.
  • Easy assembly and disassembly: Thanks to their sophisticated design with clamping hubs or screw connections, bellows couplings can be assembled quickly and securely – usually without special tools. This saves time during maintenance and commissioning.
  • Detailed technical data and drawings: As a manufacturer of bellows couplings, we at abp provide comprehensive CAD data, technical drawings and product information on the subpages of our product pages. This facilitates planning, integration into existing designs and comparison of different coupling designs.
  • Cost-effective solution: Thanks to their combination of high precision, reliability and low maintenance requirements, bellows couplings are an economical solution for many drive systems.

What do the bore specifications for a bellows coupling mean?

The bore describes the inner diameter of the coupling hub, which must fit exactly onto the shaft on which the coupling is mounted. Each bellows coupling consists of two hubs and the metal bellows between them, which transmits torque and compensates for misalignment. The bore dimensions are crucial to ensure that the shaft connection functions without play, safely and precisely.

At abp, we specify the bore holes for our metal bellows couplings in a table with d1/d2 (e.g. 6/8 mm) on the respective product subpages. These values represent the inner diameter of the respective hub on the drive and output sides.

The technical data sheets and illustrations for each product also list all relevant tolerances, torques, torsional stiffness and maximum speeds. This makes it easy to check whether the selected coupling meets the mechanical requirements.

If you are still unsure, our service team will be happy to provide you with comprehensive advice and further information.

clamping hub

What are the advantages of bellows couplings with clamping hubs?

The clamping hub is a precise and service-friendly fastening technology. It encloses the shaft in a form-fitting manner and is fixed in place using one or more clamping screws. This variant offers:

  • a secure, play-free connection even at high torques,
  • Easy assembly and disassembly with standard tools (e.g. Allen key)
  • High concentricity, which is particularly important for precision applications.
  • Protection of the shaft surface, as no additional keyway is required.

The clamping hub design is particularly recommended for applications involving frequent shaft changes or precise adjustment (e.g. servo drives, measuring systems, machine tools). It enables precise positioning of the shaft without tilting and ensures even force distribution over the entire circumference.

Industries

In which industries are bellows couplings used?

The bellows couplings from abp are used in numerous industries as they enable the precise and backlash-free transmission of torque as well as the compensation of shaft misalignments. Some examples are:

  • Food industry: In the food industry, abp’s bellows couplings ensure hygienic and reliable drive solutions in machines that require precise control, for example in filling systems or packaging machines. The bellows couplings are often made of stainless steel to meet high hygienic standards and strict cleaning requirements.
  • Automation: In automation, abp bellows couplings are essential for precise motion transmission in highly dynamic processes, for example in stepper motors or servo motors, and contribute to improving the accuracy of automation solutions.
  • Plant and mechanical engineering: In plant and mechanical engineering, bellows couplings from abp are used in drive systems and precision machines. Due to its ability to compensate for shaft misalignments and angular errors and thus reduce mechanical loads, it significantly increases the service life of systems.
  • Storage and conveyor technology: In storage and conveyor technology, the abp bellows couplings provide a reliable connection in drive systems for conveyor belts and hoists. Their flexibility and high torsional rigidity enable precise control and efficient movement of loads.
  • Positioning systems: In positioning systems, the abp bellows couplings enable high-precision movements and accurate positioning. It is therefore used in machines for the exact alignment of workpieces or sensors where any deviation must be avoided.
  • Laser technology: Precision and absolute freedom from backlash are crucial in laser technology. The bellows couplings from abp are used here in high-precision positioning systems to precisely control laser heads and implement the finest movements in manufacturing processes.
  • Packaging industry: abp’s bellows couplings are in demand in the packaging industry due to their high reliability and precision in numerous packaging machines. It enables the exact movements required to accurately carry out various packaging processes such as cutting, filling and sealing.
  • Renewable energies: In the renewable energy sector, abp’s bellows couplings contribute to the efficiency and reliability of systems, for example in wind turbines or photovoltaic systems. It ensures that drive systems work precisely and reliably in demanding environments, such as in changing weather conditions.
  • Drives and robotics: abp bellows couplings are often used in drives and robotics to enable precise control and motion transmission. It is used in robot arms and drive systems, where flexibility and precision are crucial for implementing motion sequences without errors.

For which applications are the bellows couplings from abp used?

The range of applications for our bellows couplings is as wide as our product portfolio. They are primarily used where high precision and zero backlash are required.
Some examples of applications for our bellows couplings are:

  • rotary encoders
  • pulse encoders
  • servo motors
  • test benches
  • printing machines
  • CNC machines
  • wind energy for rotor bearing feedback
  • crane systems
  • elevators
  • welding systems
  • synchronous spindle drives
  • rotary transmission in drives
  • slip ring units in electric motors

Why use a bellows coupling from abp?

In many applications, control and regulation circuits rely on highly accurate positioning and position feedback. Rotary encoders or resolvers must be connected to the drive in a torsionally rigid and flexurally flexible manner.

We at abp are well aware of this. Over the past 25 years, we have built up extensive know-how and a high level of expertise in the field of bellows couplings. As a result, our metal bellows couplings have very high torsional rigidity with low restoring forces and transmit rotational movements to the sensor without error. In addition, the vibration-damping effect of the bellows minimises the bearing load on the shafts.
At abp, we specialise in small and medium series production. This enables us to respond very precisely to customer-specific requirements. As a bellows coupling manufacturer, we also manufacture all products in-house at our site in St. Georgen in the Black Forest (Germany), which means we can guarantee fast delivery times.

Still not convinced? Feel free to contact us to talk about your project and your requirements. We will advise you free of charge and without obligation!

In which materials are the bellows couplings from abp offered?

A bellows coupling from abp is always made of high-quality materials such as stainless steel or anodised aluminium. These materials ensure a long service life, corrosion resistance and the ability to function reliably even under difficult conditions.

However, the material used for the bellows coupling depends heavily on its area of application. That is why we at abp work closely with our customers in a spirit of partnership. Together, we will find the ideal bellows coupling for your requirements. Feel free to contact us!

Types of couplings

How does the bellows coupling differ from other types of couplings?

Bellows, elastomer, multi-plate and tooth couplings are among the most important drive elements in mechanical and plant engineering. The difference lies in their design, the type of torque transmission and their behaviour in the event of misalignment or vibrations:

Bellows coupling

  • Torque transmission: Torque is transmitted between the hubs via a thin-walled metal bellows without backlash and with torsional rigidity.
  • Misalignment compensation: The bellows elastically compensates for axial, radial and angular misalignments – without play or lubrication.
  • Advantages:
    • Backlash-free, high-precision torque transmission
    • High torsional rigidity with flexible misalignment compensation
    • Maintenance-free and durable
    • No lubrication required
    • Ideal for high speeds and dynamic load changes
  • Disadvantages:
    • Somewhat sensitive to overload or excessive misalignment
    • No damping behaviour (rigid, metallic connection)
    • More expensive than simple elastomer couplings
  • Typical applications: servo drives, robotics, high-precision positioning systems, machine tools, test benches

Elastomer coupling

  • Torque transmission: Torque is transmitted between two hubs via an elastic plastic or rubber element (elastomer star).
  • Misalignment compensation: The elastomer compensates for axial, radial and angular misalignments through elastic deformation, thereby dampening shocks and vibrations.
  • Advantages:
    • Good vibration and shock absorption
    • Low installation requirements
    • No lubrication required
    • Protection of drive components against load peaks
    • Cost-effective and versatile
  • Disadvantages:
    • not play-free
    • Lower torsional stiffness
    • Ageing of the elastomer possible
  • Typical applications: Pumps, fans, conveyor systems

multi-disc coupling

  • Torque transmission: In multi-plate couplings, torque is transmitted via thin, flexible steel plates that are bolted to the hubs on both sides.
  • Offset compensation: The lamellas deform elastically and compensate for axial and angular misalignments; in double versions, they also compensate for radial misalignments.
  • Advantages:
    • High torsional rigidity
    • Maintenance-free and durable
    • Suitable for high torques
    • Temperature resistant and robust
  • Disadvantages:
    • Limited radial misalignment compensation
    • Slightly more complex installation
    • Heavier than bellows or elastomer couplings
  • Typical applications: compressors, test benches, machine tools, servo and industrial drives

toothed coupling

  • Torque transmission: Torque is transmitted via a toothed hub side.
  • Offset compensation: The gearing does not allow for any offset and requires regular lubrication.
  • Advantages:
    • Very high torque transmission
    • Robust, compact design
    • Resistant to impact
    • Durable with proper maintenance
  • Disadvantages:
    • not play-free
    • Requiring lubrication
    • Limited offset compensation
    • Not suitable for precise applications
  • Typical applications: Heavy-duty drives, rolling mills, large gearboxes, conveyor systems

How does a nickel bellows coupling differ from a normal bellows coupling?

A nickel bellows couplings differs from a normal bellows couplings primarily in the material of the bellows, which, as the name suggests, is made of nickel. This material gives the coupling special properties such as a very high torsional stiffness combined with very low restoring forces. Nickel bellows couplings are therefore particularly suitable for high-precision and very demanding measuring tasks, such as those required in highly sensitive positioning systems. We would be happy to help you find the right coupling for your requirements. Contact us now quickly and easily using our contact form or by telephone on 07724 58008-0.

Manufacture

What is important when manufacturing bellows couplings?

There are numerous factors to consider when manufacturing bellows couplings. At abp, we have acquired a high level of expertise in the manufacture of bellows couplings over the last 25 years. In order to manufacture a precise and durable bellows couplings, the following aspects in particular must be taken into account:

  • Choice of material: The right material is crucial for the performance and service life of the bellows couplings. As a rule, high-quality stainless steels, such as stainless steel, are used for the bellows. In some cases, special aluminum alloys or nickel can also be used for special requirements for the bellows couplings, such as low weight or FDA compliance.
  • Precision in the production of the bellows: The metal bellows itself is the heart of the bellows couplings. Its shape must be very precise and have uniform wall thicknesses. Folding the bellows is also a complex process that requires the use of modern production technologies. Each fold must be perfectly executed to ensure that the coupling can compensate for axial, radial and angular misalignments without losing its torsional rigidity.
  • Construction and design: The bellows couplings must be designed to meet the customer’s specific requirements. The dimensioning of the bellows couplings (e.g. diameter and length of the bellows) is developed based on the required torque transmission, shaft misalignments and environmental conditions. The design of the end pieces that are connected to the shafts is also a key element. Clamping hubs or keyway connections are frequently used fastening methods for bellows couplings, which enable a backlash-free and secure connection.
  • Torsional stiffness and balancing ability: The ability of a bellows couplings to absorb misalignments without losing overall stability is determined by the number and geometry of the folds. A coupling that is too stiff would reduce the ability to compensate, while a coupling that is too flexible could impair the precision of torque transmission.
  • Damping of vibrations and shocks: A bellows coupling must also be able to dampen vibrations and shocks. The correct design of the bellows and choice of material can help to reduce unwanted vibrations that could affect the precision of motion control.
  • Careful quality control: Manufactured bellows couplings must be rigorously inspected. Every component, from the bellows to the hubs to the connecting elements, is carefully checked at abp to ensure that it meets the required specifications.

service life

How can the service life of a metal bellows coupling be extended?

Although metal bellows couplings are essentially maintenance-free and durable, their service life can be significantly extended by taking specific measures to ensure that the entire drive system remains fault-free.

  • Precise alignment of the shafts: One of the most common causes of premature wear is inaccurate alignment of the shafts. Even though the bellows coupling can compensate for axial, radial and angular misalignments, installation should be carried out with the utmost care. Precise alignment minimises unnecessary additional loads on the metal bellows and significantly increases fatigue strength.
  • Keep loads within the technical data: The permissible torques, speeds and misalignment values are specified in detail in the technical data sheet or CAD drawings. Exceeding these values may result in material fatigue or plastic deformation of the bellows.
  • Correct installation of the clamping hub or screw hub: Uniform and secure fastening protects the bellows from impermissible torsional vibrations and ensures smooth, low-vibration operation. Therefore, ensure that all screws are tightened evenly and adhere precisely to the torque specified by the manufacturer.
  • Selecting the right material: Depending on the operating environment (temperature, speed, risk of corrosion), the material can be crucial:
    • Stainless steel: Standard for most applications, high strength and corrosion resistance
    • Nickel bellows: Good elasticity, suitable for dynamic applications
    • Bronze bellows: Excellent resilience and vibration damping
  • Regular visual inspection and servicing: Even though metal bellows couplings are maintenance-free, it is advisable to carry out a visual inspection at regular intervals. Check for cracks or deformations in the bellows, loose fastening screws and unusual running noises or vibrations.

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